In the field of liquid-liquid extraction, centrifugal extractors, extraction tanks and extraction towers are three common equipment, each of which has its own characteristics and is suitable for different production scenarios.

From the structural point of view, the structure of the centrifugal extractor is relatively complex, mainly composed of high-speed rotating drum, mixing chamber and clarifying chamber.

The high-speed operation of the drum is the key to achieve efficient separation. The structure of the extraction tank is relatively simple, usually consisting of a number of mixing chambers and clarifying chambers arranged in a stepped manner, and the stratification of the liquid is realized by gravity.

萃取塔则是垂直的塔状结构，内部装有填料、筛板等构件，以促进两相液体的混合和传质。 在分离效率上，离心萃取机具有明显优势。其强大的离心力场使得两相液体能够在极短时间内实现高效分离，传质速度快，分离效果好，尤其适用于分离难度大、密度差较小的体系。

例如在一些稀有金属的萃取中，离心萃取机能够快速且高效地将目标金属离子提取出来。萃取槽的分离效率相对较低，它依靠重力进行分层，所需时间较长，且容易出现夹带现象，导致分离纯度不高。萃取塔的传质效率较高，但其分离效率受液体流速、塔内构件等因素影响较大，在处理一些黏度较大的液体时，可能会出现传质不均匀的情况。

In terms of operation, the centrifugal extractor has high technical requirements for operation, and needs to strictly control parameters such as speed and flow rate to ensure the stable operation and separation effect of the equipment. The operation of the extraction tank is relatively simple and easy for the operator to master, which is suitable for large-scale continuous production, but the operation of the stirring device and the clarifying chamber needs to be checked regularly. The operation flexibility of the extraction column is large, and it can adapt to the change of feed composition and flow rate within a certain range, but it is necessary to pay close attention to the temperature, pressure and other parameters in the column during operation to ensure the stable extraction process.

In terms of investment cost, the centrifugal extractor has a relatively high investment cost due to its complex structure and high manufacturing accuracy requirements. The extraction tank has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing and installation cost, and is a relatively economical choice. The investment cost of the extraction tower is somewhere in between, but the selection and installation of its internal components will have a large impact on the cost. In terms of floor space, the extraction tank has a large floor space due to its horizontal arrangement structure. The extraction tower is a vertical structure with a relatively small footprint.

Although the volume of the equipment itself may not be large, it occupies a relatively large area due to the need to be equipped with the corresponding basic and protective facilities. In summary, the centrifugal extractor, extraction tank and extraction tower have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of structure, separation efficiency, operation, investment cost and footprint. When choosing, enterprises should choose the most suitable extraction equipment according to their own production needs, material properties, investment budget and other factors.